[Causes of primary otalgia]

Otalgia is a complaint triggered from either ear disorders or adjacent structures due to common innervations between ear and adjust organs. This study was done to explore the causes of primary otalgia. This descriptive study was done on 770 patients with otalgia in Gorgan, Iran during 2009-10. After clinical examination age, gender, patient complaint and signs were recorded for each patient. 668 patients [86.8%] had primary otalgia including 39.9% left, 41.3% right and 18.8% bilaterally. 63.9% were female and 36.1% were males. External otitis was the most common causes of primary otalgia with 64.8%. Other causes consist of acute otitis media [14.5%], serumen [14.1%], chronic otitis media [5.8%], foreign body [4%] and trauma [3%], respectively. The most common cause of primary otalgia was external otitis

[Determination of the angle of impacted mandibular third molar]

Impacted molars teeth, especially third molar, are important in most branches of medical sciences. The angular position of molar teeth is in side effects and therapeutic regiment. This study was conducted to determine the angle of the impacted mandibular third molars. This descriptive study was carried out on 429 patients [269 men and 160 women] selected for surgery on impacted mandibular third molar in the oral and maxillofacial surgery clinic in Gorgan, Iran during 2010-11. Pre-operative diagnosis was done by physical examination and OPG radiography. Demographic characterstics including age, gender, ethnicity, impaction angle were recorded for each subject. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16, independent t-test and chi-square test. Totally, 480 impacted third molars were studied. Mean age of patients was 26.06 +/- 6.21 years. Impaction of the third molar was more prevalent among men [62.7%] than women [38.30%]. Impacted mandibular third molar of 189 people [44.1%] were in left side in 200 people [46.6%] were in right side and in 40 people [9.3%] were bilateral. According to impaction angle, mesioangular [41.7%] and distoangular [3.5%] types had the highest and the lowest frequency, respectively. In bilateral cases, the mesioangular-mesioangular type [48.8%] was the most prevalent. The mesioangular type was the most prevalent in all ethnic groups. The most prevalent angular position of the impacted third molar was the mesioangular type in both sexes. This study showed that the most prevalent angular position of impacted mandibular third molar is the mesioangular type

[Prevalence of intra abdominal injuries due to penetrating trauma in Gorgan, Iran [2002-07]]

Trauma is the most common cause of death in all individuals between 1 and 44 years and the third most common cause of death regardless of age. The abdomen is the third most commonly injured region of the body. Some intra abdominal organ injured more than others, related to mechanism of injury, size and location of organ in abdominal cavity. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of intra abdominal injuries due to penetrating trauma. This retrospective descriptive study was done on 114 patients admitted to 5 Azar hospital in Gorgan, Iran due to penetrating abdominal trauma during 2002-07. Gender, age, type of injury causes of trauma and hospitlalization period were obtained form patients files. 92.1% of patients were male. The mean age of subjects was 24.8 years [9-70 years] with highest frequency between 20-24 years. Two [1.8%] deaths directly related to abdominal stab wounds related to hemorrhagic shock. The most common cause of penetrating abdominal injury was knife wound [78.9%]. The mean time spent in hospital was 4.6 +/- 2.8 days. In 53 patients, cause of trauma were either related to pentration into peritoneum or passing through in. Small intestine injuries [14%], rupture of diaphragm and concurrent lung injuries [7%] were the common damage organs. This study showed that the knife was the main cause of abdominal penetrate trauma and peritoneum was the most common damage tissue

[Factors associated with enuresis in adenotonsillar hypertrophy and the effect of surgery on it]

One of the probable causes of enuresis is an obstruction in upper airway and especially adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Adenotonsillectomy may be an effective treatment in some cases. This study carried out with patients suffering from adenotonsillar hypertrophy. To determine the incidence of enuresis and the effects of surgery on it. The study was conducted on 100 children aged 3-12 years with Adenotonsilar hypertrophy in 5-Azar Hospital who were candidates for Adenotonislectomy. They were examined by an otolaryngologist and, if needed, by a urologist. UA and UC were done for all of them, and data were recorded in a questionnaire. The results were evaluated 1 and 3 months post surgery, and finally the collected data were analyzed by SPSS software. The present study was conducted on 100 children consisting of 49 males and 51 females, aged between 3- 12 years [mean 7.68]. The prevalence of enuresis was found to be 9%, and its rate among the males was twice that of the females. One month after surgery, complete improvement in 22-2% and partial improvement in 33-3% of the cases were observed. The general improvement after 3 months was 54.3%. Taking into account the correlations between adenotonsilar hypertrophy, enuresis and improved enuresis following surgery, the relative improvement of enuresis can serve as an indication for surgery in patients with adenotonsilar hypertrophy

[Epidemiological survey of suicide in Golestan province in the North of Iran [2003]]

Suicide is one of the most important causes of death in the world. The prevalence of suicide varies in different parts of Iran and the world. This study was done to determine the prevalence and types of suicide and its relation to gender, age and education in Golestan prevalence in North of Iran. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 1857 patients admitted to general hospitals in Golestan province during 2003. The data were collected through questionnaires filled by health workers and analyzed using SPSS software. The prevalence of suicide was 117.8, 88.5 and 147.4 per 10000 in general population, males and females respectively. The rate of suicide in 20-24 age groups was 285.8 per 10000. The highest rate of suicide was observed in spring. Thirty one percent of samples had high school education. 48 percent of suicide attempts were with drugs and opium. Considering the ethnicity, the rate of suicide was 177 among native Fars, 79.6 in Turkman and 270 in Sistani per 10000, respectively. This study has shown that the rate of suicide is higher in this province comparing to other studies in some parts of Iran and other countries

[Epidemiology of cleft lip and cleft palate in Gorgan [1998-2003]]

Cleft lip and palate is one of the most common human congenital craniofacial abnormalities with the side effects of middle-ear infections, hard of hearing, nutritional problems, speaking, and other societal burdens. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of cleft lip and palate and its relation with sex, ethnic group, paternal and maternal age, consanguineous marriage and season in Gorgan during 6 years. This cross-sectional study was done on 37951 births in Gorgan's Dezyani hospital during 1998-2003. Sex, type of abnormalities, ethnic group, paternal and maternal age, consanguineous marriage, season and date of birth were recorded in questionnaires and data were analyzed by SPSS. The prevalence of cleft lip and cleft palate was 0.97 per 1000 birth and it was more common in males [1.08 per 1000] than in females [0.86 per 1000]. The rate of cleft was 0.86, 0.89 and 1.47 per 1000 in native Fars, Turkaman and Sistani ethnic group, respectively. 29.7% of parents had consanguineous marriage. 29.7% of mothers with affected newborns consumed different drugs during pregnancy. The commonest rate was in winter and autumn. Maternal and paternal age was 35.5 and 28.5 years, respectively. Cleft was more common in 1998. This study reveals that incidence of cleft in Gorgan is much closer to European and east Asian countries. Consanguineous marriage and the toxicity of pregnant women with drugs or chemicals can induce cleft palate

[ incidence of peritonsillar abscess recurrence and their relation with the type of treatment]

Peritonsillar space infection can be occurred either as cellulitis or absecess formaiton. Antibiotic therapy, needle aspiration insicion, drainge and finally tonsillectomy are among the types of treatment which may be carried out in this disease. When torsillectomy was not done, the recurrence of peritonsillar abscess may be observed. The present study was set up to find out the recurrence rate of peritonsillar abscess with the type of treatment the patient is received. This study was done on 52 patients with peritonsillar space infection, 45 cases of these patients were presented with peritonsillar space abscess. The primary procedure such as recording personal demographic and pervious medical treatment on this patient was done. These patients were home visited by doing that, the rate of recurrence, re-hospitalization, the possible duration of recurrence and elective tonsillectomy were evaluated, these patients were also clinically examined. The gathered informations were analyzed by statistical software [SPSS]. From 45 peritonsillar space abscess, 8 cases [17.7%] were recognized as recurrence, from thsese numbers of patients 6 cases [13.3%] and 2 cases [4.4%] had once and twice recurrence respectively. The highest recurrence was seen among the patients with drug treatment. There was a meaningfull correlation between the method of treatment and the rate of recurrence incidence [P<0.05]. The highest rate of recurrence was among 20-29 years of age. The prevalancy of peritonsillar space abscess in women and men were 28.9% and 71.1% respectively. Winter and spring were the seasons with highest incidence. The rate recurrence of this abnormality among men and women were 15.6% and 23% respectively. It is recommended the patient with peritonsillar space abscess to have tonsillectomy especially later in adulthood, because of high incidence of recurrence. In cases where that abnormality is controlled by drug treatment alone, the tonsillectomy should be taken into consideration

Cleft lip and palate in Gorgan [North-East of Iran]

Cleft lip and palate is one of the most common congenital chrinofacial abnormalities with the side-effect of middle-ear infections, hard of hearing, nutritional problems, speaking, and other societal burdens. This research has been designed to evaluate the prevalence and etiology of cleft lip and palate. This study has been designed to evaluate the prevalence and been done on 19545 live birds in Dezianei Hospital during three years of study [1992-2001]. The results from this research indicate that the prevalence of cleft lip and palate was 1.02/1000. The prevalancy in males and females was 1.4/1000 and 0.63/1000 respectively. We observed that the rate of cleft lip and cleft lip with palate was much higher in make newborns. Our finding also showed the highest rate of these abnormalities was among the sistanei's/mmi grant ethnic with the prevalancy of 2.25/1000 live birds. Genetical factors and drug consumption during pregnancy are among the important factors in creating such abnormalities. This study also shows that in addition to the above factors in this study the climate of this agricultural region, the high consumption of agricultural toxin, the time of conception, and the possibility of the contamination of pregnant mothers with such chemicals may play a role in the above congenital abnormalities